
by Unknown Artist, 1301
This 14th-century tuff stone model depicts a miniature temple flanked by guardian figures. Tuff is volcanic stone commonly used in temple construction across Southeast Asia. Temple guardians (known as dvarapalas or yakshas) protected sacred spaces from evil spirits and unworthy visitors. They appear at the entrances to temples throughout the Hindu-Buddhist world.
Miniature temple models served multiple purposes: votive offerings to temples, architectural references for construction, or devotional objects for personal shrines. This piece preserves details of building techniques and decorative schemes that help scholars understand the architecture of lost or damaged full-scale temples. At about 15 by 9 inches in tuff stone, it's at the Art Institute of Chicago.
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