
by Arturo Di Modica, 1989
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Arturo Di Modica installed Charging Bull as guerrilla art on December 15, 1989, dropping it in front of the New York Stock Exchange without permission. Police impounded it. Public outcry got it reinstalled two blocks south on Broadway, at Bowling Green in Manhattan's Financial District.
The 3.4-meter bronze bull weighs nearly 5 tonnes. Di Modica spent about $350,000 of his own money creating it in his SoHo studio over two years. He meant it as a symbol of American financial optimism after the 1987 stock market crash. Tourists rub its horns and nose for good luck, polishing those areas to a bright gold sheen.
The sculpture became one of New York's most photographed landmarks and an icon of Wall Street culture. Di Modica fought for decades to retain artistic rights over the work. He died in 2021.
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