by Ancient Roman (Unknown), 260
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Ancient Roman This monumental marble sarcophagus shows the god Dionysos seated on a panther, flanked by four large standing figures representing the Seasons: Winter, Spring, Summer, and Fall. A bearded river-god reclines at one end, accompanied by two winged youths. The carving is deeply cut and virtuosic.
Only a very wealthy person could have commissioned this. The marble came from an eastern Mediterranean quarry and was shipped to Rome for carving, revealing the empire's vast luxury trade networks. Dionysiac scenes on sarcophagi evoked celebration and offered hope for a pleasurable afterlife. The design came from a sculptor's pattern book rather than reflecting any personal significance for the deceased.
It dates to around 260-270 CE and measures 34 x 85 x 36 inches. It's in Gallery 162 at the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
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