A protective spirit in Mesopotamian mythology, combining human head, bull or lion body, and eagle wings. They guarded palace entrances against evil.

Why do they have five legs?

The fifth leg creates an optical illusion: viewed from the front, the lamassu appears still; from the side, it appears to stride forward.

How big are these sculptures?

Each stands approximately 440 cm (14.4 feet) tall and weighs around 30 tons. The Louvre has several from Khorsabad.

Khorsabad (ancient Dur-Sharrukin) was the capital built by Assyrian king Sargon II in present-day northern Iraq, near Mosul.

Where Is Winged Human-Headed Bulls from Khorsabad?

Mesopotamian These massive winged human-headed bulls, called lamassu, once guarded the palace of Assyrian king Sargon II at Khorsabad. Carved around 713-706 BCE from single blocks of gypsum alabaster, each figure stands over four meters tall and weighs approximately 30 tons. Five legs allowed the lamassu to appear stationary from the front and striding from the side.

The elaborate detailing includes curled beards, feathered wings, and muscular bodies covered in inscribed cuneiform texts. These guardian spirits combined human intelligence (the bearded face), leonine power (the body), and divine reach (the wings) to protect the palace from evil spirits and human enemies alike.

French archaeologist Paul-Émile Botta excavated Khorsabad beginning in 1843, the first major Assyrian site explored by Europeans. Transporting these colossal sculptures to the Louvre required engineering innovation and considerable expense.