
The Muisca were a pre-Columbian civilization in the highlands of central Colombia, active from roughly 600 CE to the Spanish conquest in the 1530s. They're best known for their extraordinary gold and tumbaga (gold-copper alloy) work, which fueled the European legend of El Dorado.
Muisca goldsmiths created votive figures called tunjos: flat, stylized human forms made by lost-wax casting, often deposited as offerings in sacred lakes and caves. The most famous Muisca object is the Muisca Raft (c. 600-1600 CE) in Bogotá's Museo del Oro, depicting a chieftain on a raft surrounded by attendants, likely representing the El Dorado ceremony. Muisca metalwork is prized for its spiritual symbolism rather than decorative display.
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