
Raymond Duchamp-Villon (1876-1918) was a French sculptor who brought Cubist principles into three dimensions. Born Pierre-Maurice-Raymond Duchamp in Damville, Normandy, he was the brother of Marcel Duchamp and Jacques Villon. He began as a medical student before turning to sculpture around 1898, working through an Impressionist and then Art Nouveau phase before embracing Cubism around 1912.
His most important work, The Large Horse (1914), translates a rearing horse into interlocking mechanical forms that merge animal energy with machine-age power. He was mobilized during World War I, contracted typhoid fever, and died at 42. Despite a short career, his fusion of organic and geometric form influenced sculptors for decades.
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