Leopold Museum, Vienna

The Leopold Museum opened in 2001 in Vienna's MuseumsQuartier, housing the collection assembled over five decades by ophthalmologist Rudolf Leopold and his wife Elisabeth. The Austrian government purchased the 5,266-work collection in 1994 for a fraction of its estimated value, creating one of the world's foremost collections of Austrian modern art.

The museum holds the largest collection of Egon Schiele paintings in the world, with over 40 oils and 180 works on paper. Gustav Klimt's Death and Life anchors the Vienna Secession holdings. Works by Kokoschka, Gerstl, and Kubin round out a survey of Austrian art from 1900 to 1945 that's difficult to match anywhere else.