by Caravaggio, 1606
Caravaggio painted The Death of the Virgin around 1604-1606 for the Carmelite church of Santa Maria della Scala in Rome. The painting was rejected as scandalous. The Virgin Mary lies dead, her body bloated, feet bare and dirty, surrounded by grieving apostles. A vast red curtain sweeps across the upper canvas.
Rumors spread that Caravaggio used a drowned prostitute from the Tiber as his model for the Virgin. True or not, the unflinching realism violated every convention of religious art. The barefoot apostles, the corpse-like pallor, the complete absence of heavenly glory: all offended the commissioning monks.
The Duke of Mantua purchased the rejected painting on Peter Paul Rubens' advice. It passed through English and French royal collections before reaching the Louvre. What the monks found sacrilegious, later generations recognized as radical.

Ancient Roman (Unknown), -100
Louvre, Paris, Paris

Gerard ter Borch
Louvre, Paris, Paris

Jacques-Louis David
Louvre, Paris, Paris

Bernardino Luini
Louvre, Paris, Paris
Other masterpieces from the Baroque movement

Frans Hals, 1624
Wallace Collection, London
Johannes Vermeer, 1666
National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.

Johannes Vermeer, 1665
Mauritshuis, The Hague

El Greco, 1614
National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.

Johannes Vermeer, 1670
Louvre, Paris, Paris

Johannes Vermeer, 1664
National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.

Johannes Vermeer, 1663
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

Diego Velázquez, 1650
National Gallery, London
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