Nighthawks
by Edward Hopper, 1942
Artwork Details
Details
- Year
- 1942
- Medium
- Oil on canvas
- Size
- 84.1 cm × 152.4 cm
- Gallery
- American Art Wing
Estimated Value
$75M
Expert estimate
That's 2 Beverly Hills mansions
Find It In The Museum
American Art Wing
Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago
Part of the permanent collection
Cite or Embed This Work
APA · MLA · Chicago1-click academic citation and embeddable “On View” museum badge for articles, syllabi, and research.
Edward Hopper created this oil on canvas work in 1942, during the height of the American Realism movement.
The composition reveals Edward Hopper's command of visual elements. Color, form, and spatial arrangement work together to create a unified whole. Technical skill serves expressive purpose, rewarding both immediate impression and sustained looking.
The painting now resides at Art Institute of Chicago in Chicago, where visitors experience it firsthand. Seeing the original reveals qualities of brushwork, scale, and color that reproductions cannot fully convey. The museum's collection provides context alongside other significant works from this period.
Edward Hopper (1882-1967) was a American artist associated with American Realism.
Historical Significance
One of the most recognizable paintings in American art, defining the look and mood of American Realism.
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About Nighthawks
It's at the Art Institute of Chicago, where it's been since shortly after Edward Hopper finished it. The museum purchased it in 1942 for $3,000. It's one of the most recognized American paintings ever made.
Hopper said it was inspired by a restaurant on Greenwich Avenue in Manhattan, but no specific diner has been definitively identified. The building doesn't have a visible entrance, which adds to the painting's sense of isolation and enclosure. Some researchers have suggested it was a composite of several locations.
Hopper never specified, but the empty streets and fluorescent lighting suggest very late at night or early morning. Only four people are visible: three customers and a server. The harsh interior light contrasts sharply with the dark, empty street outside, creating a mood of urban loneliness.
The painting measures 84.1 cm × 152.4 cm (33.1 × 60 inches). It's an oil on canvas. Hopper's wife, Jo, modeled for the red-haired woman. She kept detailed records of his work and noted that the painting was completed on January 21, 1942, just weeks after Pearl Harbor.
It's classified as American Realism, though Hopper's work transcends simple labels. His use of dramatic light, simplified forms, and psychological tension gives the painting a cinematic quality. Film noir directors and photographers have cited Nighthawks as a direct influence on their work.
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